Symbolic Reasoning Requirement

All Richmond students are required to fulfill a symbolic reasoning requirement. This may be via 1) calculus-based options and 2) non-calculus-based options.

Calculus Options

Many students prefer to satisfy the Symbolic Reasoning requirement with calculus. In some cases, such as the Bachelor of Science (BS) and Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA), calculus is required for the degree. Calculus is not required for the Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree, but can be taken to satisfy the Symbolic Reasoning requirement. Math 211 is sufficient for the Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) degree and the Symbolic Reasoning requirement; Math 212 is required for the Bachelor of Science (BS) degree. Math 211 begins with a very brief review of polynomial, exponential, and trigonometric functions, and then introduces the basic calculus concepts. Its only prerequisite is pre-calculus in high school. Math 212 begins with techniques of integration; there is no review of Calculus I concepts. Its prerequisite is a full year of AP calculus or the equivalent.

If you have taken a Calculus course in high school, and you are unsure whether to enroll in MATH 211 (Calculus I) or MATH 212 (Calculus II), you may take the calculus self-placement test.

Non-calculus Options

There are a number of non-calculus options that can be used to satisfy the Symbolic Reasoning requirement. Many of these are offered in departments other than Mathematics, including Philosophy and Computer Science. The non-calculus symbolic reasoning options that are offered on a regular basis are listed below. 

  • Philosophy 251 (Elementary Symbolic Logic): This course provides a non-mathematical introduction to symbolic reasoning; translating arguments from English into a symbolic language, and demonstrating which ones are valid and which ones are invalid via truth tables, formal rules of substitution and inference, and simple quantifiers. This course has no prerequisites.
  • Linguistics 250 (Introduction to Syntax): This course offers an analysis of how words are combined to form phrases and sentences. Translation of syntactic structures into symbolic systems; modification of systems to model increasingly complex data. Requires no mathematics.
  • Computer Science 101 (Minds and Machines): This course provides an introduction to formal deduction in propositional logic and the fundamentals of computer architecture. It explores the extent to which symbolic reasoning can be automated, including a consideration of related results in fields such as neuroscience and artificial intelligence.
  • Computer Science 150 (Introduction to Computing): This course focuses on developing programming skills in a widely used high level programming language and serves as an introduction to the computer science major. It has no prerequisites, but success in CMSC 150 is highly correlated with success in high school mathematics.
  • Mathematics 102 (Problem Solving Using Finite Mathematics): This course is an introduction to the fundamentals of mathematical proof, and the application of these fundamentals to at least one particular area of mathematics (to be determined by the instructor).